do you want to learn :pulse width modulation, spike timing, computing with extents
About the Author
Early Inventions
After graduating from Brown University in the Class of 1960, I got a job at a company that made watt-hour meters for the electrical utilities. In 1963 I invented and was granted my first US Patent #3,325,732 in 1967 on a mechanical demand register that computed the logarithmic average of the electrical power used (demanded) by a utility customer. This patent was the first of the forty patents that I have been granted since then including six more patents on mechanical computing devices.
Robotics
I later worked as a machine designer at a company that made rubber products, and invented and was granted 29 patents on industrial robots that wound and painted golf balls, automatically, and on golf ball molding and testing processes. I went on my own as a machine design consultant, wrote a book that was published in 1994 by Oxford University Press, titled Machines That Learn. I was granted an additional four patents on the ideas in the book in 1996. The book describes a process of back-selection wherein a machine produces the actual output state that it had measured previously for a given input state. This process is intended to duplicate human behavior. I realized afterwards that there was something missing in this process, and it had to do with timing. So I kept looking.
4-Axis Gripper
Spike Timing
Then in 2009 I was informed about spike timing. I asked myself, “What can cause a spike to occur at a specific time?” The answer is; a timer. When I used timers as memory devices, a whole new world of messaging, motion sequencing, computation, and navigation emerged based upon pulse width modulation. Over the next ten years I discovered and recorded many features of using timers as memories, and there are a multitude of new features that remain to be found and understood. The foundation of pulse width modulation is a timing clock such as the high frequency spike generator shown below.
A high frequency spike generator produces the clock timing spikes needed to create pulse trains like brain waves, and encode information within pulses as bursts of some number of spikes that represents a time extent (duration).
Sensor/muscle model using temporal coding
Video shows a working model of a sensor/muscle system that produces a motion sequence determined by the presence of two objects in its environment using pulse width modulation.
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